The third material of the journal «Science and Innovation» and the Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus joint project «Liberation. Chronicle of Events», deals with the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Belarus from the Nazi invaders, depicts the events of April 1944: the heroic partisans resistance to enemy punitive operations and preparation for the upcoming offensive of the Red Army.

The author considered the importance of astronomy for modern civilization and underlined the high capability of Belarusian scientists to contribute to scientific progress.

The author presented the cosmological solutions to models of the Universe, and considered the potential of the density fluctuations studying.

A brief review of the cosmology current state is given. The author considered the basic ideas about the Universe expanding, dark energy and dark matter and the connection between cosmology, astrophysics and the theory of gravity.

The author considers the evolution of the Universe and the role of scientific observations and ideas in the exploration of the earliest cosmos period, right up to the moment of its “birth”. 

The article considers the problems of cosmological nucleosynthesis and prospects for slow expansion cosmologies.

On the example of a significant recent astrophysical discovery, the first direct observation of a black hole, the author shows its impact on both physics in general (theoretical and experimental) and on the theory of gravitational interaction in particular.

The gamma-ray bursts have been analyzed as a very unusual process that has given many surprises to observers and theorists, and the common theoretical models of this phenomenon were presented.

The article considers the history of the extracting energy from a black hole idea, and presents the elementary concepts of black holes and their relationship to observable astrophysical phenomena.

The author considers the behavior of an electron neutrino beam in solar matter and presents a method for predicting high-energy solar flares, based on the attenuation of an electron neutrino beam when passing through the magnetic field of paired sunspots.

The article defines the importance of integration associations in the field of high technologies and their advantages for the development of production and the economy as a whole. The most promising countries and regional associations for deepening cooperation between Belarus are analyzed. The results of the study will help identify the most promising partner countries for Belarus in the field of high technologies and develop a strategy for participation in integration associations.

It is an interview with academician Nikolai Kazak about the activities of the innovation-industrial cluster “Micro-, opto- and microwave electronics” being the flagship of domestic microelectronics.

The author presents the works in the field of new forest chemical technologies and higher efficiency of oil refining, carried out at the Republican Scientific Center for Hydrocarbons and Alternative Raw Materials, Institute of Chemistry of New Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

It’s a further review of the global electric car industry trends development, in which the authors clarify the point if the generated electricity and charging infrastructure are sufficient to transfer the global and domestic vehicle fleet from gasoline and gas fuels to electric ones.

In the second part of the article, the authors continue the story about the graph theory development and options for its practical application.

The author gives an interpretation of the notion “information” from the user’s point of view. He underlines the significance of information as an attribute of the simulated situation at a specific point in time.