The interview deals with the development of microelectronics in the world and the opportunities for its growth in the Republic of Belarus. 

The article considers the problems of ensuring the technological security of our country with an emphasis on the creation, development and use of domestic technologies.

Over the past two decades, the microbial community of an organism – the microbiota – has been recognized as a fundamental factor determining human physiology and pathology. The microbiome is a variable system that not only adapts to signals and information coming from humans, but also affects its host. A promising area of clinical medicine is the prediction of changes in the microbiome of athletes, in people with various diseases, after the use of medicines, including antibacterial, surgical interventions, which will lead to an understanding of ways and methods of their correction. Fundamentally new and innovative technologies are being developed to create pharmacologically active components based on the microbiome of healthy people, which can later be used to maintain and restore the stability and functioning of the human ecosystem.

The article presents the preliminary results of the evaluation of microbial diversity in various gastric diseases using metagenetic approach. The features of the taxonomic structure of microbiomes in normal tissues and with the presence of marked pathological processes are shown.

The authors present the main fundamental and applied research areas of the Republican Center of Microbiome Study of the Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, contributing to the urgent problems of medicine, criminology and agriculture solution.

The article considers the changes in the intestinal microbiota associated with metabolic and autoimmune diseases, diseases of the digestive, cardiovascular and nervous systems, and carcinogenesis.

The article briefly reviews the main directions of metagenomic studies of Belarusian forest species.

The article is devoted to the analysis and assessment of the intensity of sectoral structural shifts in the Belarusian economy for the period from 1990 to 2020. Their key features and specifics are determined, the convergent nature of changes in the sectoral structure of the economy of Belarus and the economies of developed countries is established. The conclusion about the decrease in the intensity of structural changes in the republic is substantiated, which indicates a slowdown in the growth potential of the economy and necessitates the implementation of the state structural policy.

The features of the ecosystem approach to innovative development and the essence of national innovation ecosystems in the context of the fifth generation of the innovation process, as well as the model of the five-fold innovation spiral are considered. Based on a comparison of the positions of the Republic of Belarus and other countries in terms of the main indicators characterizing the environment for innovation, directions for improving the national innovation ecosystem are outlined.

The transition of the education sector to analytics for decision-making based on big data, or to an information-based decision, is described.

The monitoring of the technical condition (TСР) of the latest dump trucks, other modern high-tech equipment is considered as one of the decisive steps towards Industry 4.0, which provides the greatest return on investment in complex, labor-intensive industrial production.

The author gives an overview of the market and development trends of industrial robots. The need for wider application of industrial robots, industrial IoT and digitalization in the priority areas of the Belarusian economy in general has been substantiated.

The article analyses the perspective directions of foreign trade relations development of the Republic of Belarus with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The authors consider the specifics of doing business in these markets, and give a brief economic review.

The article presents the results of the research of the world and Belarusian dairy markets in the context of solving food security problems. The trends of market development and price dynamics for dairy products are revealed. It is determined that the price is a key instrument of the activity of an economic entity – a measure of interaction between the sellers and the customers. Examples of calculating the selling and export prices are given. The necessity of taking into account the influence of the complex of internal and external objective and subjective factors and market conditions in the pricing process is substantiated.