CAR-NK technology: new steps in cancer treatment

Using genetically modified natural killer (NK) cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) as an example, recent advances in the field of cancer immunotherapy are reviewed. Taking into account the biological characteristics of NK cells, the main advantages and features of CAR-NK technology, an actively developing area of medical genetic engineering, are identified. Unlike CAR-T, CAR-NK cells demonstrate a reduced risk of adverse reactions, which enables the creation of «universal» allogeneic constructs. The innate ability of NK cells to recognize tumor cells independently of the MHC complex is enhanced through additional genetic modifications, including the insertion of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines. Overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of solid malignancies remains a promising direction, as does increasing the resistance of NK cells to apoptosis. Current clinical trials confirm the safety and efficacy of CAR-NK cells in malignant neoplasms, which stimulates further developments in this field.